Туманный Альбион...
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Дневник это как бы то, что происходит с человеком на протяжении определенного промежутка времени...
Мой курсачок) Наброски... Судите строго.
Humanity has always craved for equality and fairness. French revolution, that occurred in the end of the eighteenth century is only one, nevertheless very significant, illustration of peoples' will and sacrifice for the ideas of omniparity. Industrialization provided economic basis, yet all that ideals could have never been achieved without revolutionary concept of liberalism and individualism, as not only should financial equity have been obtained, but also the mentality, ideologies of whole nation had to be changed, in order to build a modern society.
Contemporary class division is a consequence of these ideas. This division is based both on income and type of work an individual does. With technology improving and standards of living rising, financial dissimilarity began to retrench, gradually decreasing the influence of so-called collective sense, and leading to class and partisan dealignment. Yet, there is still a huge abyss between ways people from different social layers live, in their culture and identity.
Some of these differences can be described as a result of higher or lower income. Even though working class population usually begins to earn money earlier and peaks at the young age, with higher, compared to a middle class individual of the same age, revenue, in long-term overall amount of wealth is significantly lower, as middle class careers provide steady growth, dislike manual work that tends to be paid less as worker physically degrades due to aging process. Several conclusions can be made with this information provided.
SLT (Social Learning Theory), one of the branches of behavioral approach of psychology, proposes the idea, that we copy and imitate the conduct of our social circle. As it is obvious that worse off income causes people to live in cheaper places, and vice versa, we can certify that population is spread throughout, for example, a city according to their wealth therefore class. So, the process of socialization, a life-long process of learning the culture of the society to which an individual belongs, occurs in a neighborhood of the same cultural background, and this particular background can define our behavior, norms and values.
Educational background and educational aspirations are also strongly linked to class. Upper class children, with highly educated parents and peer group, are expected to have a degree. The same can be said about middle class, but whilst elites favor education because of high cultural expectation, middle class usually have a more pragmatic, utilitarian view on it. For most of working class people edification is never a goal, and the sooner a child goes to work, the better. Unlike eleven-plus, current school system provides an equal opportunities, with the exception of private schools, where upper-class children study. The reason for different social layers to value education in different ways can be explained partly by income, as college and university in most of the countries cost a lot of money, partly by, as it had been already mentioned, background of a particular individual, his values. Imitating his parents a person can either want or avoid higher education.
And, of course, subcultural movements have to be mentioned as it is strongly associated with class, working in particular. According to Thornton (1997) subculture is a a group of people that have something common with each other.
Мой курсачок) Наброски... Судите строго.
Humanity has always craved for equality and fairness. French revolution, that occurred in the end of the eighteenth century is only one, nevertheless very significant, illustration of peoples' will and sacrifice for the ideas of omniparity. Industrialization provided economic basis, yet all that ideals could have never been achieved without revolutionary concept of liberalism and individualism, as not only should financial equity have been obtained, but also the mentality, ideologies of whole nation had to be changed, in order to build a modern society.
Contemporary class division is a consequence of these ideas. This division is based both on income and type of work an individual does. With technology improving and standards of living rising, financial dissimilarity began to retrench, gradually decreasing the influence of so-called collective sense, and leading to class and partisan dealignment. Yet, there is still a huge abyss between ways people from different social layers live, in their culture and identity.
Some of these differences can be described as a result of higher or lower income. Even though working class population usually begins to earn money earlier and peaks at the young age, with higher, compared to a middle class individual of the same age, revenue, in long-term overall amount of wealth is significantly lower, as middle class careers provide steady growth, dislike manual work that tends to be paid less as worker physically degrades due to aging process. Several conclusions can be made with this information provided.
SLT (Social Learning Theory), one of the branches of behavioral approach of psychology, proposes the idea, that we copy and imitate the conduct of our social circle. As it is obvious that worse off income causes people to live in cheaper places, and vice versa, we can certify that population is spread throughout, for example, a city according to their wealth therefore class. So, the process of socialization, a life-long process of learning the culture of the society to which an individual belongs, occurs in a neighborhood of the same cultural background, and this particular background can define our behavior, norms and values.
Educational background and educational aspirations are also strongly linked to class. Upper class children, with highly educated parents and peer group, are expected to have a degree. The same can be said about middle class, but whilst elites favor education because of high cultural expectation, middle class usually have a more pragmatic, utilitarian view on it. For most of working class people edification is never a goal, and the sooner a child goes to work, the better. Unlike eleven-plus, current school system provides an equal opportunities, with the exception of private schools, where upper-class children study. The reason for different social layers to value education in different ways can be explained partly by income, as college and university in most of the countries cost a lot of money, partly by, as it had been already mentioned, background of a particular individual, his values. Imitating his parents a person can either want or avoid higher education.
And, of course, subcultural movements have to be mentioned as it is strongly associated with class, working in particular. According to Thornton (1997) subculture is a a group of people that have something common with each other.
Viva la Vida! Viva! Viva!
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Поработал на славу...))
Humanity has always craved for equality and fairness. French revolution, that occurred in the end of the eighteenth century is only one, nevertheless very significant, illustration of peoples' will and sacrifice for the ideas of omniparity. Industrialization provided economic basis, yet all that ideals could have never been achieved without revolutionary concept of liberalism and individualism, as not only should financial equity have been obtained, but also the mentality, ideologies of whole nation had to be changed, in order to build a modern society.
Contemporary class division is a consequence of these ideas. This division is based both on income and type of work an individual does. With technology improving and standards of living rising, financial dissimilarity began to retrench, gradually decreasing the influence of so-called collective sense, and leading to class and partisan dealignment. Yet, there is still a huge abyss between ways people from different social layers live, in their culture and identity.
Some of these differences can be described as a result of higher or lower income. Even though working class population usually begins to earn money earlier and peaks its income younger, with higher, compared to a middle class people of the same age, revenue, in long-term overall amount of wealth is significantly smaller, as middle class careers provide steady growth, unlike manual work that tends to be paid less as worker physically degrades due to aging process. Several conclusions can be made with this information provided.
SLT (Social Learning Theory), one of the branches of behavioural approach of psychology, proposes the idea, that we copy and imitate the conduct of our social circle. As it is obvious that worse off income causes people to live in cheaper places, and vice versa, we can certify that population is spread throughout, for example, a city according to their wealth therefore class. So, the process of socialization, a life-long process of learning the culture of the society to which an individual belongs, occurs in a neighbourhood of the same cultural background, and this particular background can define our behaviour, norms and values.
Educational background and educational aspirations are also strongly linked to class. Upper class children, with highly educated parents and peer group, are expected to have a degree. The same can be said about middle class, but whilst elites favour education because of high cultural expectation, middle class usually have a more pragmatic, utilitarian view on it. For most of working class people edification is never a goal, and the sooner a child goes to work, the better. Unlike eleven-plus, current school system provides an equal opportunities, with the exception of private schools, where upper-class children study. The reason for different social layers to value education in different ways can be explained partially by income, as college and university in most of the countries cost a lot of money, partly by, as it had been already mentioned, background of a particular individual, his values. Imitating his parents a person can either want or avoid higher education.
Subcultural movements also have to be mentioned as they are strongly associated with class, working, in particular. According to Thornton (1997) subculture is a a group of people that have something common with each other. They may share either a problem, an interest or a practice. Communities, youth groups, ethnic groups etc. are all subcultures, where culture is used as a synonym for lifestyle, thus, as already been written, what around us is influencing what we are. Youth sub-cultures, which is the most crucial for the topic, as it is highly class-dependent, also links to identity of a person. Class dependence can be proved by various examples, but the most crucial argument will be that KUTDASLKDAYSKUDYTALSDASD
Identity is 'A sense of self that develops as the child differentiates from parents and take place in society' (Jary and Jary, 1991). Indeed, every sequent generation tried to differentiate itself from the previous generation, in this particular case, youth tries to differentiate itself from their parents and build their own universe. Peer group now alternates perception the most. It can lead to change in dress code, accoutrements, music preferences etc., and most of all it can lead into the change of ideology. Examples of changed ideology and frequent attempts to alter society can be hippies blooming in 1967, craving for peace or punks in 1970's, fighting strongly and sometimes viciously against everything representing monarchy in Great Britain, against capitalism and desired a society which is not “selling-out”, does not abandon personal values in exchange for wealth, status or power. These sub-cultures still exist, but while being mostly classless, without particular class attachment, in the early years, now they are usually represented by people of manual work.
Other identity aspects, apart from class, are ethnicity, sexuality, gender and age. However valuable they are, they do not have strong class differentiation. Ethnicity and race still can be an issue in some countries, even in developed ones, but, with development of morality and partially due to process of globalization, this issue is being resolved and ethnic minorities are no longer associated with particular class.
Strong impact of emancipation, growth of feminism resulted in that being a female also lost its purport as an either class or in-class position. Women are no longer considered to be housewives; contemporary society of most countries provide equal opportunities for both genders, yet expectations of work done by them usually differ.
Nationality, which is also an identity aspect, in terms of citizenship can be crucial. It must be understood, that even though globalization is gaining momentum, different countries have different cultures, and it is lopsidedly to generalize current situation in United Kingdom to vast and diverse world. Last part of my work will discuss the difference in sociological class division of several countries.
Humanity has always craved for equality and fairness. French revolution, that occurred in the end of the eighteenth century is only one, nevertheless very significant, illustration of peoples' will and sacrifice for the ideas of omniparity. Industrialization provided economic basis, yet all that ideals could have never been achieved without revolutionary concept of liberalism and individualism, as not only should financial equity have been obtained, but also the mentality, ideologies of whole nation had to be changed, in order to build a modern society.
Contemporary class division is a consequence of these ideas. This division is based both on income and type of work an individual does. With technology improving and standards of living rising, financial dissimilarity began to retrench, gradually decreasing the influence of so-called collective sense, and leading to class and partisan dealignment. Yet, there is still a huge abyss between ways people from different social layers live, in their culture and identity.
Some of these differences can be described as a result of higher or lower income. Even though working class population usually begins to earn money earlier and peaks its income younger, with higher, compared to a middle class people of the same age, revenue, in long-term overall amount of wealth is significantly smaller, as middle class careers provide steady growth, unlike manual work that tends to be paid less as worker physically degrades due to aging process. Several conclusions can be made with this information provided.
SLT (Social Learning Theory), one of the branches of behavioural approach of psychology, proposes the idea, that we copy and imitate the conduct of our social circle. As it is obvious that worse off income causes people to live in cheaper places, and vice versa, we can certify that population is spread throughout, for example, a city according to their wealth therefore class. So, the process of socialization, a life-long process of learning the culture of the society to which an individual belongs, occurs in a neighbourhood of the same cultural background, and this particular background can define our behaviour, norms and values.
Educational background and educational aspirations are also strongly linked to class. Upper class children, with highly educated parents and peer group, are expected to have a degree. The same can be said about middle class, but whilst elites favour education because of high cultural expectation, middle class usually have a more pragmatic, utilitarian view on it. For most of working class people edification is never a goal, and the sooner a child goes to work, the better. Unlike eleven-plus, current school system provides an equal opportunities, with the exception of private schools, where upper-class children study. The reason for different social layers to value education in different ways can be explained partially by income, as college and university in most of the countries cost a lot of money, partly by, as it had been already mentioned, background of a particular individual, his values. Imitating his parents a person can either want or avoid higher education.
Subcultural movements also have to be mentioned as they are strongly associated with class, working, in particular. According to Thornton (1997) subculture is a a group of people that have something common with each other. They may share either a problem, an interest or a practice. Communities, youth groups, ethnic groups etc. are all subcultures, where culture is used as a synonym for lifestyle, thus, as already been written, what around us is influencing what we are. Youth sub-cultures, which is the most crucial for the topic, as it is highly class-dependent, also links to identity of a person. Class dependence can be proved by various examples, but the most crucial argument will be that KUTDASLKDAYSKUDYTALSDASD
Identity is 'A sense of self that develops as the child differentiates from parents and take place in society' (Jary and Jary, 1991). Indeed, every sequent generation tried to differentiate itself from the previous generation, in this particular case, youth tries to differentiate itself from their parents and build their own universe. Peer group now alternates perception the most. It can lead to change in dress code, accoutrements, music preferences etc., and most of all it can lead into the change of ideology. Examples of changed ideology and frequent attempts to alter society can be hippies blooming in 1967, craving for peace or punks in 1970's, fighting strongly and sometimes viciously against everything representing monarchy in Great Britain, against capitalism and desired a society which is not “selling-out”, does not abandon personal values in exchange for wealth, status or power. These sub-cultures still exist, but while being mostly classless, without particular class attachment, in the early years, now they are usually represented by people of manual work.
Other identity aspects, apart from class, are ethnicity, sexuality, gender and age. However valuable they are, they do not have strong class differentiation. Ethnicity and race still can be an issue in some countries, even in developed ones, but, with development of morality and partially due to process of globalization, this issue is being resolved and ethnic minorities are no longer associated with particular class.
Strong impact of emancipation, growth of feminism resulted in that being a female also lost its purport as an either class or in-class position. Women are no longer considered to be housewives; contemporary society of most countries provide equal opportunities for both genders, yet expectations of work done by them usually differ.
Nationality, which is also an identity aspect, in terms of citizenship can be crucial. It must be understood, that even though globalization is gaining momentum, different countries have different cultures, and it is lopsidedly to generalize current situation in United Kingdom to vast and diverse world. Last part of my work will discuss the difference in sociological class division of several countries.
Viva la Vida! Viva! Viva!